Pool Alkalinity Calculator
Calculate how much baking soda or acid to add to raise or lower your pool's total alkalinity.
Baking Soda Needed
Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda)
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Add baking soda by broadcasting it across the pool surface with the pump running. Retest after 6 hours.
Acid Needed to Lower Alkalinity
Muriatic Acid (31.45%)
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Dry Acid (Sodium Bisulfate)
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Add acid slowly with the pump running. Never add more than 1 quart of muriatic acid at a time. Wait 4 hours before retesting.
Understanding Pool Total Alkalinity
Total alkalinity (TA) measures the water's ability to buffer pH changes. Think of it as a shock absorber for your pH — when alkalinity is in the right range, pH stays stable. When it's off, pH bounces around and becomes difficult to manage.
Ideal Alkalinity Levels
- Regular chlorine pools: 80–120 ppm — this range keeps pH stable and prevents corrosion or scaling. A target of 100 ppm is ideal for most pools.
- Saltwater pools: 80–100 ppm — saltwater generators tend to raise pH over time, so keeping alkalinity slightly lower helps counteract this effect. A target of 90 ppm works well.
- Below 60 ppm: Critically low — pH will be very unstable (known as "pH bounce"), and the water can become corrosive to pool equipment and surfaces.
- Above 180 ppm: Very high — pH will be extremely difficult to lower, water may become cloudy, and scale can form on surfaces and equipment.
The Dosing Formulas
To raise alkalinity with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate):
lbs of baking soda = (Pool Gallons × PPM Increase) ÷ 10,000 × 1.5
As a rule of thumb, 1.5 pounds of baking soda raises 10,000 gallons by approximately 10 ppm.
To lower alkalinity with muriatic acid (31.45%):
quarts of muriatic acid = (Pool Gallons × PPM Decrease) ÷ 10,000 × 0.25
As a rule of thumb, 0.25 quarts (8 fl oz) of muriatic acid lowers 10,000 gallons by approximately 10 ppm.
Tips for Adjusting Alkalinity
- Always adjust alkalinity BEFORE adjusting pH — alkalinity changes affect pH, but not the other way around.
- Add baking soda by broadcasting it across the pool surface with the pump running for even distribution.
- Retest alkalinity after 6 hours to allow full circulation and mixing.
- Rain and heavy bather load can lower alkalinity over time.
- Alkalinity and pH are linked — raising alkalinity will also raise pH slightly, and adding acid to lower alkalinity will also lower pH.
- When adding acid, pour it in one spot with the pump running to create a column of low-pH water. This targets alkalinity more than pH.